HAVING clause

Filters the results of a GROUP BY clause. Semantically, the HAVING clause occurs after the GROUP BY operation. It was added to the SQL standard because a WHERE clause cannot specify aggregate functions.

Syntax

HAVING condition[,...]

Parameters

condition

Unambiguously references a grouping column, unless the reference appears in an aggregate function.

Examples

The following example returns the employees with salaries greater than $800,000:

=> SELECT employee_last_name, MAX(annual_salary) as highest_salary FROM employee_dimension
     GROUP BY employee_last_name HAVING MAX(annual_salary) > 800000 ORDER BY highest_salary DESC;
 employee_last_name | highest_salary
--------------------+----------------
 Sanchez            |         992363
 Vogel              |         983634
 Vu                 |         977716
 Lewis              |         957949
 Taylor             |         953373
 King               |         937765
 Gauthier           |         927335
 Garnett            |         903104
 Bauer              |         901181
 Jones              |         885395
 Rodriguez          |         861647
 Young              |         846657
 Greenwood          |         837543
 Overstreet         |         831317
 Garcia             |         811231
(15 rows)