Configuring HDFS access

Vertica uses information from the Hadoop cluster configuration to support reading data (COPY or external tables).

Vertica uses information from the Hadoop cluster configuration to support reading data (COPY or external tables). In Eon Mode, it also uses this information to access communal storage on HDFS. Vertica nodes therefore must have access to certain Hadoop configuration files.

For both co-located and separate clusters that use Kerberos authentication, configure Vertica for Kerberos as explained in Configure Vertica for Kerberos Authentication.

Vertica requires access to the WebHDFS service and ports on all name nodes and data nodes. For more information about WebHDFS ports, see HDFS Ports in the Cloudera documentation.

Accessing Hadoop configuration files

Your Vertica nodes need access to certain Hadoop configuration files:

  • If Vertica is co-located on HDFS nodes, then those configuration files are already present.
  • If Vertica is running on a separate cluster, you must copy the required files to all database nodes. A simple way to do so is to configure your Vertica nodes as Hadoop edge nodes. Client applications run on edge nodes; from Hadoop's perspective, Vertica is a client application. You can use Ambari or Cloudera Manager to configure edge nodes. For more information, see the documentation from your Hadoop vendor.

Verify that the value of the HadoopConfDir configuration parameter (see Hadoop parameters) includes a directory containing the core-site.xml and hdfs-site.xml files. If you do not set a value, Vertica looks for the files in /etc/hadoop/conf. For all Vertica users, the directory is accessed by the Linux user under which the Vertica server process runs.

Vertica uses several properties defined in these configuration files. These properties are listed in HDFS file system.

Using a cluster with high availability NameNodes

If your Hadoop cluster uses High Availability (HA) Name Nodes, verify that the dfs.nameservices parameter and the individual name nodes are defined in hdfs-site.xml.

Using more than one Hadoop cluster

In some cases, a Vertica cluster requires access to more than one HDFS cluster. For example, your business might use separate HDFS clusters for separate regions, or you might need data from both test and deployment clusters.

To support multiple clusters, perform the following steps:

  1. Copy the configuration files from all HDFS clusters to your database nodes. You can place the copied files in any location readable by Vertica. However, as a best practice, you should place them all in the same directory tree, with one subdirectory per HDFS cluster. The locations must be the same on all database nodes.

  2. Set the HadoopConfDir configuration parameter. The value is a colon-separated path containing the directories for all of your HDFS clusters.

  3. Use an explicit name node or name service in the URL when creating an external table or copying data. Do not use hdfs:/// because it could be ambiguous. For more information about URLs, see HDFS file system.

Vertica connects directly to a name node or name service; it does not otherwise distinguish among HDFS clusters. Therefore, names of HDFS name nodes and name services must be globally unique.

Verifying the configuration

Use the VERIFY_HADOOP_CONF_DIR function to verify that Vertica can find configuration files in HadoopConfDir.

Use the HDFS_CLUSTER_CONFIG_CHECK function to test access through the hdfs scheme.

For more information about testing your configuration, see Verifying HDFS configuration.

Updating configuration files

If you update the configuration files after starting Vertica, use the following statement to refresh them:

=> SELECT CLEAR_HDFS_CACHES();

The CLEAR_HDFS_CACHES function also flushes information about which name node is active in a High Availability (HA) Hadoop cluster. Therefore, the first request after calling this function is slow, because the initial connection to the name node can take more than 15 seconds.

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